Measurement of Oral Medicine Learning Motivation in Dental Students Using Indonesian Version of Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II)

Abstract Objective: To assess the learning motivation level in Oral Medicine (OM) among Universitas Indonesia dental students. Material and Methods: This research used an analytic-descriptive study with a cross-sectional design by gathering data directly from total population of Universitas Indonesia dental students. Participants were divided into three groups based on curriculum: G1: pre-clinical who have not had OM, G2: pre-clinical who had taken OM, and G3: clinical years. Data gathering was using Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II), which include five motivation components: intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, self-determination, grade motivation and career motivation. Results: The response rate of this study was 96.6% (743 subjects). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.941 indicated good internal consistency. In discriminant validity test, grade motivation and career motivation of pre-clinical groups showed no significant difference. Among three, G3 acquired the highest mean score for highly motivated groups (67.27), followed by G2 (65.89), ended by G1 (62.54). The highest mean score for overall motivation, acquired by G3. Conclusion: Clinical years group have the highest motivation level to learn in Oral Medicine.

Analysis of the Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva in Smokers

Objective: To analyze the total antioxidant capacity (TAoC) of saliva in smokers based on type of cigarette, duration and frequency of smoking. Material and Methods: 51 male smokers, aged 20-55 years were enrolled. Information regarding cigarette type and smoking duration and frequency was collected using a questionnaire. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected in the morning following fasting for 2 h, and TAoC was measured using a commercial kit. The data were evaluated through the independent t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Mean TAoC for the consumption of Kretek cigarettes was 0.29 (±0.15) and for that of non-Kretek cigarettes was 0.36 (±0.10). Mean TAoC based on smoking duration was 0.31 (±0.14) for 5-10 years and 0.27 (±0.15) for >10 years. Median TAoC based on smoking frequency was 0.23 (0.11-0.44), 0.31 (0.06-0.64), and 0.27 (0.06-0.68) for 1-5, 6-10, and 11-20 cigarettes/day. Mean TAoC of the saliva from participants who consumed Kretek cigarettes was lower than that of the saliva from those who consumed non-Kretek cigarettes (p=0.3). Mean TAoC for a duration >10 years was lower than that for a duration of 5-10 years, although the difference between these two groups was not significant (p=0.4). Conclusion: There were tendencies of lower total antioxidant capacity on smokers with kretek type cigarettes, smoking duration >10 years and frequency of 1-5 cigarettes/day. This study indicates that the type, duration, and frequency of smoking may affect the salivary total antioxidant capacity.